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Acanthosis Nigricans, Symptoms, Treatment of Acanthosis Nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans is a skin disease. Acanthosis Nigricans depending on the severity may occur either in a mild or severe form; in the later, there is accompanying dystrophy of the nails and hair, there being pigmentation of the other parts of the integument as well. This is a disorder of hyperpigmentation (an increase of the dark pigment melanin) in the skin. Acanthosis nigricans is asymptomatic, brown to black, with a velvety texture. Pedunculated skin tags often are present. The most common sites are the axillae, neck, and groin. There are two important types of acanthosis are found:

• Benign acanthosis nigricans
• Malignant acanthosis nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans is a disorder that may begin at any age and usually being of overweight. Although classically described as a sign of internal malignancy, this is very rare. Benign types, sometimes described as 'pseudoacanthosis nigricans' are much more common. Acanthosis nigricans is a disorder that may begin at any age.

Causes

The exact cause of this acanthosis nigricans is unknown. It can be a genetic (inherited) condition. It has been associated with various benign and malignant conditions. When inherited, it is not considered dangerous. Acanthosis nigricans mostly affect healthy people. It is most common among people of African descent. Hormone problems, endocrine disorders or tumors may causes of Acanthosis nigricans. Other hormone problems, endocrine disorders or tumors may play a role as well. Rarely, acanthosis nigricans is associated with certain types of cancer. Rarely, acanthosis nigricans is associated with certain types of cancers of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts or with lymphoma. Some drugs, particularly hormones such as human growth hormone or oral contraceptives can also cause acanthosis nigricans. People with cancers of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts or with lymphoma can also develop severe cases of this acanthosis nigricans.

Symptoms

Here is the list of some of the common symptoms of Acanthosis Nigricans:

• Dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases - typically the armpits, groin and neck.
• The skin is darker and thicker in certain areas. These areas may be light-brown to black in color.
• Rough areas or increased skin markings usually on the back and sides of the neck.
• Abnormally increased coloration (hyperpigmentation) and "velvety" thickening (hyperkeratosis) of the skin
• Light-brown-to-black
• Acanthosis can bee seen in extra places, such as the lips or hands and is unusually severe.

Acanthosis nigricans treatment

A doctor can diagnose acanthosis nigricans by doing a medical history and physical exam. The diagnosis is usually based on how your skin looks and where your skin is affected. There is no specific acanthosis nigricans treatment. If you have acanthosis nigricans, it is very important to get checked for type 2 diabetes and other possible causes. The skin changes often get better with the improved diet and exercise that treats or helps prevent diabetes. Fish oil supplements may also be recommended. Dermabrasion or laser therapy may help reduce the thickness of certain affected areas. Some treatments of acanthosis nigricans include the following:

• antibiotic ointments or creams.
• weight loss to lower insulin resistance.
• retinoids, taken orally or used in a cream.
• topical corticosteroid creams.

Treatment of the lesions of acanthosis nigricans is for cosmetic reasons only. Correcting hyperinsulinemia can be affective to control the condition. If the condition is caused due to an external cause like the side effect of a medication, then first thing we have to do is stopped the medicine. But if is caused by a cancer, there is nothing much that can be done.

Types of acanthosis nigricans

• Obesity-associated acanthosis nigricans
• Syndromic acanthosis nigricans
• Benign acanthosis nigricans
• Drug-induced acanthosis nigricans
• Hereditary benign acanthosis nigricans
• Malignant acanthosis nigricans
• Mixed-type acanthosis nigricans

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