Skin Disorders and Treatment

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Cavernous Hemangioma

Cavernous hemangioma is a vascular tumor. It contains stagnant blood. It is a common birthmark. Cavernous angioma is also known as cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), cavernous hemangioma, and cavernoma. Cavernous hemangiomas are common vascular malformations found in many organs including the central nervous system. These common birthmarks usually become symptomatic in older children or young adults, with bluish skin discoloration and local swelling, and pain. Male are more affected then women. 5% of the vascular malformations diagnosed by angiography and histologically verified. It usually affect between ages of 30 to 50. It is also seen in children and elderly patients.

Cavernous hemangioma affect about 0.5 percent of the population worldwide. Cavernous hemangioma is a benign congenital disease. It is usually neglected in early stage or in visceral organs, but it is difficult to be cured when the tumor grew bigger and produced symptoms by compression. Severe deformities were occurred when the tumor grew on the head, face and neck. Occasionally plastic surgery is needed after resolution to remove residual slack skin. Reassurance of parents is usually all that is required.

Cavernous Hemangioma Causes

Cavernous malformations tend to grow because of repeated small hemorrhages, or leaking of blood around the abnormal tissue.
Hemangiomas, both deep and superficial, undergo a rapid growth phase in which their volume and size increase rapidly. This phase is followed by a rest phase, in which the hemangioma changes very little, and an evolutional phase where the hemangioma begins to disappear.

Cavernous HemangiomaSymptoms

• Cavernous hemangiomas usually are small, measuring only a quarter inch in diameter, but they can be several inches in diameter or even larger.
• Pain, nausea, or enlargement of the liver can occur.
• A red to reddish-purple raised lesion on the skin.
• It may also a possibility that a massive, raised tumor with blood vessels.
• Clinical symptoms of this disease include recurrent headaches, focal neurological deficits, hemorrhagic stroke, and seizures.
• Patients can have severe symptoms like seizures, headaches, paralysis, bleeding in the brain, and even death.
• Babies with benign infantile hemangioendothelioma may have an abdominal mass, anemia, and signs of heart failure.
• It May cause optic nerve compression which can lead to visual loss, gaze-evoked amaurosis, or optic nerve swelling.

Cavernous HemangiomaTreatment

The first treatment option is to observe the cavernous malformation with yearly MRI scans to see if it changes. This option may be indicated if the lesion is discovered incidentally and not thought to cause any problems. Small cavernous hemangiomas situated on the surface of the body may be removed or treated by electrocoagulation. Surgery is usually needed if a cavernous hemangioma causes increased growth of an extremity. Recently, lasers have been used to reduce the bulk of the hemangiomas. Lasers emitting yellow light can selectively damage the vessels in the hemangioma without damaging the overlying skin.

Treatment of cavernous haemangioma is indicated if:

• the lesion interferes with feeding or vision
• the lesion ulcerates or bleeds frequently
• the lesion is associated with high-output cardiac failure from shunting of large volumes of blood
• the lesion consumes platelets and/or clotting factors causing potentially life-threatening haemorrhage

The latter two complications are very rare and only tend to occur in large lesions with significant deep vessel involvement. It is very important to remove the entire malformation because it can grow back if a small piece is left behind. The risk of the operation depends on the size and location of the cavernous malformation and the general health of the patient.

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