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Granuloma Annulare

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign self-limited dermatosis characterized by a raised annular configuration.Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is misnamed, being neither pyogenic nor granuloma. It is a benign, acquired, vascular tumor of the skin and mucous membrane that appears as a rapidly growing vascular papule or nodule. Sometimes it appears at the site of a previous penetrating injury. PG is often observed in infancy and childhood but also may be observed in adults.Granuloma annulare particularly in pregnant women. Granuloma annulare is a benign skin condition that typically consists of grouped papules in an enlarging annular shape.Their appearance ranges from flesh colored to erythematous. GA is the most common among the various subtypes. Of all patients with GA, 9-15% have the generalized variant. Perforating GA has been reported to have a prevalence of 5% among GA subtypes, although reports suggest that this variant may be more common in the Hawaiian Islands. The other subtypes are uncommon variants.The etiology is unknown, but the disease usually is self-limited. Despite the dramatic appearance of this cutaneous eruption, it generally is asymptomatic; however, there may be some mild pruritus. The eruption can occur anywhere on the body, but it occurs least often on the face and most often on the lateral or dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet.

Granuloma annulare affects the skin of children, teenagers or young adults (or any age group, less commonly). GA is occasionally quite widespread (generalized GA) and this may be an entirely different condition. In these cases the bumps are often smaller and the rings harder to see. Most patients are over age 40, and there is often severe itching. Patients with generalized GA may have a tendency to diabetes mellitus and other internal problems. A biopsy and blood tests are usually needed. GA is a benign inflammatory dermatosis characterized clinically by dermal papules and annular plaques. Histological examination reveals foci of degenerative collagen associated with palisaded granulomatous inflammation.Granuloma annulare can occur on any site of the body and is occasionally quite widespread. It only affects the skin and is considered harmless. Granuloma annulare may cause no symptoms, but affected areas are often tender when knocked. GA is an uncommon dermatosis whose frequency in the general population is unknown. Localized.

Causes of Granuloma Annulare

Common Causes of Granuloma Annulare :

• The cause of the Granuloma Annulare is unknown.
• Some drugs also may cause granuloma annular as a side effect. Some of the drugs may include - allopurinol, zalcitabine.
• A number of diseases like - trauma, tuberculosis, streptococcal infection and collagen vascular disorder may sometimes lead to formation of granuloma annular.
• Granuloma annular may be spread by insect bites, sun exposure, thyroiditis and herpes zoster virus.
• Granuloma annular may be associated with malignancy, AIDS, and herpes zoster lesions.
• Sometimes, the disease may may be associated with diabetes or thyroid disease.

Symptoms of Granuloma Annulare

Some common Symptoms of Granuloma Annulare :

• Occasionally, multiple rings may be found.
• Yellow skin lumps may also be seen in some chronic cases.
• Granuloma annulare may appear as a firm nodule under the skin of the arms or legs.
• Mild itching.
• Reddish or skin-colored bumps.

Treatment of Granuloma Annulare

• Ultraviolet light therapy (PUVA) or oral medications.
• Topical steroid creams or ointments.
• Some physicians may choose to freeze the lesions with liquid nitrogen .
• These are very much suitable to get relief from pain and reduce the swelling part of the skin.

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